Artificial intelligence and responsibility gaps: what is the problem?

Abstract Recent decades have witnessed tremendous progress in artificial intelligence and the development of autonomous systems that rely on intelligence. Critics, however, pointed to difficulty allocating responsibility for actions an system, especially when system causes harm or damage. The highly behavior such systems, which neither programmer, manufacturer, nor operator seems be responsible, has been suspected generate gaps. This cause much concern. In this article, I propose a more optimistic view intelligence, raising two challenges gap pessimists. First, proponents gaps must say about occur. Once we accept difficult-to-reject plausibility constraint emergence gaps, it becomes apparent situations occur are unclear. Second, assuming occur, said why should concerned first place. proceed by defusing what take most important concerns one relating consequences other violations jus bello.